Effects of Deforestation

Tropical rain forest is very important for our nature such as for ecosystem balance, earth temperature and flora and fauna habitat. In our country Malaysia, most of the forest are announced as a forest reserve to preserve our forest from destroyed. Not only important to flora and fauna but also to people. For some people, their lives depends on forest. However, deforestation activity by irresponsible people has led to imbalanced ecosystem. First of all, the effect of deforestation is pollution especially water pollution. This problem occurred when people often cut down the trees illegally. So, there are no roots to hold and prevent the soil from fall down. The soil that does not have roots to hold it can easily fall down into the river. Consequently, the water becomes polluted. Cloudy and shallow. From this, the aquatic life ecosystem will be threatened and damaged. Another effect of the deforestation is flora extinction. As we all know, forest is the habitat of most species for flora. For instance, raflesia, nepenthis, ferns, and various kinds of wood. The loggers who cut down the trees do not care whether the kind of trees is mature or immature. As a result, the trees which is flora habitat will be damaged. The flora will die and extinct due to this problem. Finally, we can see clearly the bad effects from deforestation. If this problem still happen, our forest will be damaged and vanish. In that case, our next generation will not have a chance to know all these valuable flora. So that, government and people should work together to overcome this problem.

Future career Essay

Every person thinks a lot about his future and admits that hard work lies ahead. â€Å"Mother to Son†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Young people claim that they are willing to make the sacrifices needed to reach their goals. â€Å"If you don’t think about your future, you cannot have one.†Ã¢â‚¬ Hold fast to dreams†So it is vital to hitch your wagon to a star. In order to reach our goals, we should be persistent, optimistic, hard working, imaginative, creative†¦ and so on, but practical and down to Earth. So, most young people place a high priority on education. If you think about your future career it is worth mentioning the fact, that the future expectations of every man are connected with acquiring (getting) quality education which in its turn includes many aspects, such as: self creation, developing your abilities and character, keeping fit, social adaptability, creative potentials and intellect. The most important thing that young people want from life is career success followed by happiness, marriage and family and they are also concerned with global issues, such as ecological problems, social problems, wars, terrorism. Future is purchased by the present so while a teenager it is important to become a true personality. â€Å"If you can feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Every man is a maker of his own fortune and character. -to achieve aims;-to overcome future obstacles, troubles;-to fulfill dreams. â€Å"As long as I have a wish I have a reason for living, satisfaction is death!†The future comes one day at a time. A well educated highly intellectual person is one of the treasures of any society. So it is not only your wish but your duty to have a good quality education. But to get it one should remember ‘that there is no royal road to  learning† and † the rules of education are bitter but the fruit is sweet†. So it is important to have an active mind to get a balanced view of the world and to develop your mental abilities to the highest degree. It is vital to find your own place in the community to get along with people, to grasp the importance of any work for the benefit of the whole society, to find place between personal and society needs. But you are to remember that future is made of the same stuff as the present. Every day is your life, it isn’t a rehearsal, it is life. Never let the future disturb you, you will meet it, if you have to, with the same weapons of reason, which today arms you against the present. Very many of us live life of the never never. Telling ourselves that just as soon as we have get passed this or that stage period in life we would be able to devote all our energies to what we really want to do. But in this case tomorrow will never come. You should remember that â€Å"future is not a gift, it is an achievement†. And you are to appreciate this very day to start its creation new, without delay and don’t put off till tomorrow what you can do today. If you don’t think about the future you cannot have one. But if you do all you can in order your dreams and aspirations will come true, you will pursue an advanced level ofeducation, carry out successful career for yourself, marry and raise children and will certainly make contributions within the fear of your own family, work and community. So one of the most important and difficult problems, a young person faces is choosing an occupation, deciding what to do about a career and future. Career is not only a job or profession for which one is trained and intends to follow all his life, career is also the general course of one’s working life, the way he wants to live. Choosing an occupation takes time and it is the most complicated problem to find a right way in life. â€Å"The road not taken†¦Ã¢â‚¬ But few things are impossible to diligence and skill and though life â€Å"is no crystal stair†, young people have an advantage to choose their future way of life while at school. It gives them a goal to work towards and enables them to choose a right suitable course of study. While at school a person may find out that he will need to get some actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify to the particular job. Fortunately there are a lot of people, young persons can turn for advice and help in making their decision while at school. Schools have changed a lot in recent years and they try not only to give pupils better education, but to encourage them to choose a future profession by specializing in particular subjects: languages, economy, business, technology or even religion. Pupils may choose between state and private schools. There are teachers who are professionally qualified to consult pupils, to help them in acquiring the skills and knowledge which will enable them to understand the structure of opportunities they face, to realize their strengths and to encourage them to make a right decision. But even if a person gets other people involved in helping him make a decision self-education is an important part of the decision making process, because â€Å"every man is a maker of his own fortune†. â€Å"God gives the nuts but he doesn’t crack them†Ã¢â‚¬ Miracles sometimes occur, but one is to work terribly hard for them†So being at school you are to put your heart in acquiring sound knowledge for your future. So choosing a career and getting a job are two of the most important things any person does in lifetime.

Pieta by Michelangelo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Pieta by Michelangelo - Essay Example The Pieta is also the only work ever signed by Michelangelo Buonarroti. The Pieta was created during the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that lasted between the 14th and 17th century. It started in Italy in the final period of Middle Ages and consequently spread to the remaining parts of Europe. Socially, the period included creative flowering of vernacular and Latin literature, starting with the 14th century revival of learning found on the basis of classical sources, which contemporaries attributed to Petrarch, the establishment of linear perspective and other methods of portraying a more natural veracity in painting, and steady but extensive educational reform. During this period, the states were made up of four social classes. The nobles were in possession of much of the land. They also stayed on sizeable estates outside the city. They disdained the merchants and lived according to the regulations of gallantry. The merchants were the newly rich. They got thei r wealth from sectors, for example, banking, boat making and wool processing. They tried to safeguard their property by marrying into the noble family and controlling the government. They also became supporters of talented artists so as to acquire public favor. The workers occupied the lowest position. They were extremely dependent on their employers and did not have job security. Those who went against the rules could be dismissed from their occupations or have their wages withheld (Wallace 72). Nonetheless, the workers had better lives than peasants who were situated in the rural areas. Politically, this period played a significant part in the development of the standards of diplomacy. It is often argued that the intellectual change acted as a bridge between the Modern era and the Middle Ages. Even though this period was marked by revolutions in a number of intellectual activities, as well as political concerns, it is conceivably best recognized for its artistic creations. The dis tinctive political structures of this period have made some people to hypothesize that its remarkable social climate permitted the surfacing of an exceptional cultural efflorescence. Also, a large number of the cities during this time were developed among the wrecks of ancient Roman structures. It appears likely that the nature of this period was connected to its basis in the heartland of the Roman Empire (Wallace 74). Economically, there was the surfacing of successful merchants and cities. These merchants got considerable income from foreign customers and their urban subjects. The trade kept the cities functioning. Also, the thoughts were taken to the cities, and capital was amassed. In addition, cities were areas of creative mind and production of wealth. Merchants offered a ready market for goods, and it was only in the city, with the assistance of talented individuals that the development of magnificent goods and the complicated technology of producing books were probable. The social, political, and economic factors contributed Michelangelo Buonarroti’s approach to the creation of the Pieta. Artists of this period required new benefactors to finance their work, and the rich merchants of cities were the ones reasonable to pay the expenditures. The Pieta was one of the works which was supported by the wealthy merchants (Wallace 98).

MODERN BUSINESS in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) Essay

MODERN BUSINESS in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) - Essay Example This was happened between the 17th and 18th century In the late 17th century, the United Kingdom (UK) began the industrial revolution. Before industrialization, the people used to live in the rural area practicing farming. However, the countries had distinctive advantage in the manufacturing industry, especially in textile industry. Moreover, The development of the steam engine played important roles in ensuring an improvement in the banking industry. However, the UK banking industrywas lack of intermediation. In the early 18th century, the United States (US) began the industrial revolution. After the civil war, the US industry was changed drastically. The railroads distributed goods and products everywhere; therefore, the production level was increased. Before industrialization, the organizational structure was under hierarchy structure. However, when the population in the cities increased after revolution, the country was decreased between rich and poor. Moreover, increasing in US industries improved in the banking industry. The US banking industry supported many industries along with introducing the stock markets. Both early-industrialized countries focused on invention and innovation. The UK and US were creatively used in the textile and automotive industry with adequate support of the financial institutions where started growth of economies. Moreover, the manufacturing industries were set in these countries that marked the growth in the market share. Late or newly, industrialization refers to those countries whose level of economic development is between the developing and the first world classifications (Wyatt, 2009).  This means that these countries have moved from the agriculture based economy to the industrialized urban economy. Some of the countries that are industrialized include Germany, China, and Japan. The development of the railway network fastened the transportation of goods from one place to another. In addition,

Business plan of online business Research Paper

Business plan of online business - Research Paper Example Party Safaris seeks to be a leading global business in the field of event management and organization, specializing in two types of products. The first service provided and undertaken by Party Safaris Event Management Company is actual event management from the start to the end of the event. These events range in wide varieties from weddings, to funerals, to birthdays, as well as corporate and cocktail parties. This service will also incorporate provision of party kits for the participants in the event, and the company will undertake the sole task of planning and executing the entire event from start to finish. The second service provided by the company will be the sale of party kits through an online platform. The company will produce and stock several types of party kits then sell them to customers who are planning or organizing parties, or to those who come to us to organize their parties. These party kits will range from party kits for adults’ birthdays, to party kits for kids birthdays. The company will also provide original party kits for other parties that might not fall necessary under the two categories of parties mentioned above. From the onset of the business, the operations and management of the business will be the sole prerogative of the four founders of the company. These four directors came up with an idea of setting up an events management company in Monaco. Therefore, they will have to put their best efforts into the operations of the company in order to save on costs of operations before the business picks up and expands. However, the directors plan to hire more staff depending on the needs and demands of the business. The first most likely member of staff for the team of four to hire will be an Information and Technology (IT) manager who will be in charge of operating the online operations of the company. From the start, the basis for remuneration for the IT manager will be on an hourly basis

An essay on harriot story Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An on harriot story - Essay Example Still, the reader is struck by the detail, and the effort to be accurate, so Harriot becomes an auditor of all he surveyed. His words, although spelled inconsistently (as was then quite common) and phrased awkwardly, are not very hard to understand even from this distance in time. Remembering this man wrote with a quill and ink, with only available light, it amazes with quality of detail and recall: this is not a quick method such as typing, but a laborious hand task. It gave him time to think and consider his words carefully, which modern readers, who are used to backspacing and cutting and pasting, highlighting and copying to edit, must respect for its results. It is a clear and concise report. A student must deal with distracting words such as thereof, hereafter and wherein to get at the core of the communication, and also remember that although it is early history of the United States of America, this was an Englishman writing in the English language of the day and according to English custom and usage. What strikes the reader immediately is the point Harriot makes about using the discovered ‘country’ for making money for England: his eye was mainly on the financial and physical benefits available. His aim, and the aim of those he wrote to was to ‘... enrich your selves the providers.’ This is not a cultural expedition, where they did everything they could to find out about the ‘natural inhabitants’. The ir intention was strictly financial: to accumulate wealth and resources for England. The list of resources is very interesting, and shows how advanced England was in a scientific sense in the mid-1500s. They knew all about extracting metallic ores, and Harriot’s understanding of what could be done with certain plants and natural products is excellent, which is probably why he was sent out in the first place. (Baym Ibid) It seems a bit confronting at first to find the report so exploitative: the intention was to use one

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 5

Business Ethics - Essay Example However, the fact is that when she received a harassing message from a prospective employer on a professional networking site, she finally reached her tipping about online sexual harassment. A portion of the message read that â€Å"I think you are beautiful and I and interested to hear more about your modelling experience. Have you ever thought about being an executive assistant? I make a lot of money and travel to some amazing places. I would take good care of you. One question though, are you single?† Quite clearly, for a professional networking, which people used to build business connections, this message did not only cross the limit of acceptability but also creepiness. There are no doubts about the fact that sexual harassment (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2012, pg. 74) is a serious issue and that even before the advent and mass proliferation of social media, employers and managers had always been facing a difficult time in combating with ever increasing sexual harassme nt at workplace. Now that social networking sites have become an imperative aspect of the lives of people, it appears that they have provided a new medium and breeding ground for harassers (Trevino & Nelson, 2010, p. 42; Ferrell, et al., 2012, p. 74). This paper makes an attempt to understand the issue of sexual harassment as discussed in the article Casserly (2013) from the perspective of business ethics, provide recommendations for combating with this problem and identify its impact on the stakeholders. Discussion Dynamics of Sexual Harassment and Online Sexual Harassment Much of the online sexual harassment on is â€Å"quid pro-quo† in nature (Devettere, 2002, p. 467). Quid Pro-Quo refers to an arrangement of giving something in return for something else. In most cases, the victims are likely to receive a message from someone with a higher position, authority and influence with a dreamy but conditional offer; the condition being their willingness to provide sexual favours or entering into a sexual relationship with that person. The immorality of these messages is massively apparent as it coerces the subject into doing something that he or she would not have done in normal circumstances (Trevino & Nelson, 2010, p. 42; Ferrell, et al., 2012, p. 74). As mentioned earlier that the business ethics issue highlighted in this article is that of online sexual harassment as faced by Hatcher, the case in focus, and several other women highlighted in the article from LinkedIn, specifically and several other online networking sites as well. There are several definitions of sexual harassments. In fact, legislators, experts, researchers and policymakers from different parts of the world have taken different approaches to define sexual harassment. Furthermore, sexual harassment might take different forms but one singular, common and defining element of sexual harassment is when the victim feeling being excessively â€Å"uncomfortable†. This is exactly what ha ppened in the case of Hatcher, as argued in this article, that this invitation or message from Marcus was so disturbing and stressful for her that she no longer felt safe and comfortable regarding the same. Although, the data about the victims of sexual harassment (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2012, pg. 74) reveals that both the genders have been

AES Corporation management (Organizational Behavior) Essay

AES Corporation management (Organizational Behavior) - Essay Example Finance management is crucial and the fact that we have been able to survive the current financial pressures proves our financial strength. We immediately took steps to reduce capital expenditure, disposed off assets, liquidated equity to meet the margin calls, retrenched, and withdrew from risky business areas. We are aware that AES may not be able to access the capital market and has to rely on the internally generated funds. Besides, as per the analysts report we may not be able to command a fair value for the assets that we put up for sale but the directors have already taken additional steps to provide a more substantial liquidity cushion. This will definitely leave us a better-capitalized and stronger company with less earnings volatility. Bidding power contracts is not an issue because people have the expertise to sustain competition like Shell and Bechtel. The focus now should not be on the investors, but on attaining liquidity. All the other fronts have been attacked simultaneously. Organizational changes have already been made with a view to enhance operating performance, further reduction of operating costs, revenue enhancements. Two special offices – the Cost Cutting Office and the Turnaround Office would assist in better coordination on management of expenses. It would also assist in taking prompt decisions to dispose off or retain businesses. Apart from these, what else can a new board of directors do? Failures of companies like Kellogg and Apple, who shared the vision of alternative type of enterprise.

The topic can be proposed by the writer Movie Review - 2

The topic can be proposed by the writer - Movie Review Example voices of peasants, students, political prisoners, and revolutionaries as they seek to air their grievances after the death of Mao Zedung (Lyman Film). Numerous student movements and party crackdown at Tiananmen Square defined resistance against the values of communism in China during this period. The film shows the dramatic flowering of the arts by campus students. Moreover, the civil movements resisted the inefficiencies of the Cultural Revolution and advocated for democratic reforms (Lyman Film). Clearly, the film defines China under Deng Xiaoping’s leadership. According to the film, China experienced fundamental economic and social changes within a controlled political environment established by the Communist party (Lyman Film). The Chinese government allowed its citizens to present their grievances but suppressed their quest to criticize the Communist Party. Moreover, China made peace with the Soviet Union when Mikhail Gorbachev visited Beijing (Lyman Film). The film adopts a clear footage, pictures, and references to the Chinese citizens who drove and witnessed the transformation. The radical redistribution of communal land and the definition of China as a special economic zone reflected the transformation in China. The film shows how China began to attract foreign direct investments from Japan and Hong Kong defining its economic transformation. The film shows the signing of an agreement by British and Chinese leaders that implied Chinese dominance over Hong Kong ( Lyman Film). Ideally, the film is the third part of a â€Å"China: A Century of Revolution† trilogy. Indeed, just like the previous parts of this trilogy, the film, â€Å"3 Born under the Red Flag 1976 1997† runs for 120 minutes (Lyman Film). The film defines a unique economic transformation of a nation. Indeed, it depicts modern China’s epic journey that defined its pursuit of economic growth and political control under the Communist Party. The narration introduces first hand experiences of the

The economics of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The economics of Crime - Essay Example There are two aspects to consider when undertaking a study of the death penalty. The first aspect is whether or not the penalty is effective as a crime preventative measure. The second is whether or not the effectiveness of the prevention, no matter how effective it may or may not be, is worth the immorality of the taking of another’s life. The question relates to whether or not the right of the state to forfeit a life falls within the expectation of moral and ethical behavior that the worldwide community believes is fair and just. In considering the final nature of the death penalty and the lack of truly effective prevention from the threat of the death penalty, the forfeiture of life by the state does not seem to have merit. World wide opinion on the use of the death penalty as an effective tool for the prevention of crime has been diminished over the last two decades. According to Amnesty International (2010), two-thirds of the countries of the world do not have the death penalty and of the 58 remaining countries, most do not use the death penalty although they have it as an option. The United States, an economic and social leader in the world, still uses the death penalty as a punishment for crime. According to the American website Death Penalty Information Center (2010), 2009 saw 52 executions, all but one of which was done through lethal injection. Larry Bill Elliot was executed in the state of Virginia through the use of an electric chair. It has only been in recent history within the United States that the death penalty for juveniles was abolished. A sum total of 228 juvenile offenders were sentenced for life ending measures between the years of 1973 and 2004 with 22 of those ending in executions and 134 received commuted sentences (Lawrence & Hemmens, 2008, p. 34). A United States Supreme Court decision in the case of Roper v Simmons abolished the

King Hrothgar Essay Example for Free

King Hrothgar Essay King Hrothgar and his Danish army celebrated their victory in battles in a lavish hall called Heorot. Grendel is angered by the celebration and killed thirty soldiers while sleeping in the hall. For more than a decade, the King could not stop the monster. Beowulf, prince of Geats, arrived in the kingdom one day and helped Hrothgar’s army fight Grendel in exchange for treasures. In a battle that ensued one night, Beowulf defeated Grendel. Unknown to the warriors, Grendel’s mother plotted a revenge for the death of her son. Grendel’s mother attacked Heorot one night and took Aeschere, the chief advisor of Hrothgar. Beowulf went to the lair of Grendel’s mother after requesting from the king that the treasures, in case he was not able return, be given to King Hygelac, his uncle. Eventually, Beowulf was able to defeat Grendel’s mother and was able to return alive. Beowulf and his soldiers returned home, and after a few years he was king of the Geats. One day a thief stole a treasure from the dragon in a cave. Angered, the dragon went to town and burned the houses one night. Beowulf decided to avenge his people by going to the cave and killing the dragon. Beowulf, despite his old age, was able to defeat the dragon and take the treasure although he was deeply wounded. In the end, Beowulf died from the battle wounds and was buried together with the treasures in a tomb. Part 2 What religious or quasi-religious traditions might the work’s story, characters, elements, or objects be compared to or affiliated with? Why? a. Grendel is considered to be the symbol of all things evil. Beowulf’s defeat of Grendel and Grendel’s mother signify that good will always conquer evil in conjunction with pagan and Christian beliefs about good and evil. b. Beowulf has superhuman characteristics such as his great strength. Similarly, Jesus Christ also had superhuman or supernatural characteristics as elaborated throughout the text of the Holy Bible. Like Beowulf, Jesus Christ also had several encounters with things that are evil in his lifetime. For instance, there was a time when Christ was put into the test by the devil guised as a snake in the desert. After several tests, Christ was able to surpass the tests set forth by the devil which, in essence, signifies the idea that good always triumphs over evil in the end. Beowulf, on the other hand, had at least three encounters with the evil: the dragon, Grendel and Grendel’s mother. c. Beowulf’s quest for victory and the treasures that go with his victories signify the pagan preoccupation with material things in the world. Even death cannot separate Beowulf from his possession as exemplified in the scene where he was buried along with his treasures from his battles. Christianity, on the other hand, favors the life that is more focused on the spiritual aspect rather on the material aspect. Here we see a stark contrast between the pagan and Christian attitude towards life, death and physical possessions. d. The idea that Beowulf was buried in a barrow or a burial mound near the sea after being burned into ashes signifies that the people were following Norse pagan beliefs. It was believed that the fire transferred the deceased to Valhalla or the hall of the slain in Asgard, a city in Norse mythology. e. In the Book of Revelation chapter 28 verse 1, a lake is described as a body of water that â€Å"burns with fire and brimstone which is the second death. † This can be aptly similar to the home of Grendel and Grendel’s mother which is the lake that also burns with fire.

Causes Of Animal Extinction Biology Essay

Causes Of Animal Extinction Biology Essay Abstract: This essay discusses about the causes of animal extinction. Animals are sidestepped as we tend to focus more on something that happens to our brethren. However, we also forget that what happen to our species, the human beings, it affects the animals and plants more, as they dont have the ability to think and manipulate the environment as skilfully as we do. Habitat destruction, uncontrolled hunting and trading spreading of diseases, and drastically changing climates are among the prominent causes of animal extinction. We are exposed to what animals are endangered, we are exposed to how we can conserve them, but we have yet to be exposed to what causes the extinctions, which will roll the ball for further research on how to prevent them. This would be useful, as prevention is always better than cure. Animals are part of our ecosystem, not only they contribute to the ecosystem and help to balance the ecosystem, they also have many uses in our daily lives, as the source of nutrition, researches, pets and trading. But due to humans greediness, selfishness and also expand in populations, caused the population of the animals to decrease up to the point that they are in danger and eventually disappear from the surface of Earth like Dodo bird and Tasmanian Tiger. Yet, this issue is ignored or sidestepped as we care more of what affect us directly, when we should know that sooner or later, as part of the mammal species, these phenomena will also happen to us. Habitat fragmentation, destruction or loss, unsustainable hunting and wildlife trade, global warming and disease are the factors that lead to animal extinction. Based on AZEs  [1]  calculation, endangered species under their observation consist of amphibians (408), birds (217), mammals (131), and reptiles (15). This could be referred to Figure 1  [2]  . Figure Habitat Fragmentation One of the main factor of animal extinction is habitat fragmentation, loss or in another word habitat loss. Research had been carried out by Bancroft and Turchin in year 2003, using a series of experiment with grain beetles, Oryzaephilus surinamensis proved that 6% out of 247 populations went extinction  [3]  when they carried out the experiment on the relationship between habitat fragmentation and decreasing food abundance  [4]  and the result shown that these grain beetles went to extinction due to low food supplies. This result gives a suggestion that habitat quality is more important than the habitat size itself. Not only are that, another study that was carried out by Warren, another researcher, who does research on 13 types of protists in 1996  [5]  by applying three levels of habitat destruction of microcosm. As the result, the population of the surviving species greatly declined due to the rising in habitat destruction. As we know, Tropical Rainforest  [6]  co nsisted of many precious trees that used as the materials in industrial purpose. Not only for industrial uses, but also as the habitat for variety of species. Due to the huge demand by various parties, more trees had to be cut down to satisfy the demand of the parties. As the result, that inhabitants population begin to decrease as theres not enough place to live and hunt. If this is prolonged, the animals species will go extinct. Unsustainable Hunting and Wildlife Trade Another factor that contributes to animal extinction is unsustainable hunting and wildlife trade. This happened in many countries across the world. Many animals were hunted to extinction when the aboriginal Europeans, Americans and Australians developed the effective hunting technology  [7]  . One such animals were hunted to extinction by this is the Dodo birds. Certain bird such as the Eskimo curlew went extinct when they were relentlessly hunted by the market gunners during their migration. Some animals were caught for pet trade such as orang utan. These animals are considered exotic and were sold to the people that are interested in this kind of wildlife animal and were willing to pay for it. In one of the most outrageous cases of simultaneous drug and wildlife smuggling which occurred at Miami Airport in 1993, 312 boa constrictors that arrived from Colombia were found carrying inside them 39 kilos of cocaine. All of the snakes eventually died  [8]  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Shows t hat wildlife not only kept as pet but also for drug trading purpose. Animal such as leopards, jaguar and Guadalupe fur seal were highly favoured for their beautiful furs was hunted to get their pelts and the same goes to tigers where poacher killed them for their body parts which are used in traditional medicine and aphrodisiacs  [9]  . Not only tiger was hunted for this purpose, but rhinoceros and elephants too, were hunted for their tusks. All these items were sold for high price in black market. Commercial whaling for their meat and oils  [10]  had threatened the most of the Baleen whale and several toothed whales species in the world. Whales meat is popular among the Japanese and its one of their favourite dishes, thus in order to meet the demands in Japan, every year whales was hunted during whaling season. Primates are often captured for research purpose especially in well developed country. They are trade to the biomedical lab with certain price and this biomedical la b will use them as research in finding cure for certain disease. An example of primates that often used in this field is chimpanzees. Even though they are not yet extinct, but they are classified as the endangered species because they are not only used in research but also become the target of the bushmeat hunter. Global Warming The third factor would be global warming. Mother Earth and its residence depend on the seasons for their routines and timings. Mating season, migration, all of it due to the weather. With global warming, the timing of seasons is changing. Some are longer than expected, some are shorter than hoped. This bungled the biological clock of animals that are already accustomed to instinct-based timing and activities. While it seems nothing to us humans, it is consequential towards animals and plants. Migration accelerates.( will expand later) Dehydration, combined with the rapidly vanquishing habitats, causes certain species to vanish.(will expand later) Stuart Pimm, an expert in extinctions and biodiversity at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina stated that species living in the ecological sites are more vulnerable, as they dont have much choices of places to migrate to when the temperate changes  [11]  . It is interesting to note that not as expected, the animals living at the polar (North Pole and South Pole) is not as vulnerable as the animals living in other climates, though the poles have experienced seen differences. That is because of the scarce geographical places the endangered species can run to is smaller than them. Dangerously, not only animals in endangered spots that are facing the fatalities. According to biologist Terry Root, of Stanford Universitys Center for Environmental Science and Policy, many species are striving to hold on to their current locations.  [12]   Disease There are two groups of diseases: natural occurrence, which is formed since a very long time and unpreventable, and the other one would be human-induced or mutated. Both would give dire consequences on the species affected, especially in masses. Among the example of human-induced diseases are effects of insecticides. Insecticides are regarded as a low-level dangerous substance, as they tend to prevent high crops loss. However, it also forced pests and infections to evolve. Once evolve, we would need a higher dose of insecticides. In the end, the effects of insecticides in plants will affect the animals that eat them too. Besides that, there are effects that happen not to the animal directly, but towards the next generation. A hen may lay eggs with thinner and fragile eggshells. This, while seem minor, could actually cause a higher risk of survival. In the long run, extinction would not be far in the future of the species. This really did happen. One insecticide, DDT, caused the eagle and peregrine to produce eggs with fragile eggshells, causing the eggs to break when the mother sit on them  [13]  . How can they be incubated without the mother warming the eggs? How can the mother incubate the eggs without sitting on them, yet when it sits, they will break? These are among the complexities that we dont comprehend or didnt put into the equation when we create the insecticide. Too much protection would also be unhealthy. When a species is protected from risks and diseases up to a paranoid level, it causes them to have lower and lower immunity to their offspring. This causes them to be weak and unable to sustain injuries and total fatalities if they ever catch any infections. Lastly under the factor of diseases, are the effects of genetic evolution. While it was not the total annihilation of species, it is still, in a sense, the cause of species extinction, happening due to the chances of survival with the enhanced or reduced ability. Perhaps a smaller or robust body is better adapting during this period of time, whereas speed and agility is more vital during the past. This theory applies to the birds, where during prehistoric times; birds have wider scales of bones while they have smaller lighter body now. Habitat, food consumption, and brain metabolism, all contribute towards genetic evolution, causes the extinction of the older type of species in exchange for a better, new species. Conclusion Thus, it is supported that the evidently seen causes are habitat loss, unsustainable hunting and trading of wildlife, global warming, and finally, infectious diseases. Two of it in which we contributed a lot in making it much worse, and two of the latter in which we have taken part albeit indirectly. Although a little out-dated, this research still hold a whole lot of truth. It is hard to fund more of these kind of research, as we humans are more interested in studying further of subjects that brings more material benefits instead of invisible threats. We are keener on studying on the psychology of potential customers, convenient products, and less consumption of resources. These researches are conducted with good intentions, but obsession of a narrow topic makes us putting a blind eye over other things that matter too, namely, other creatures co-existing with us. Some of the references here were spoken on 2006. Now, its 2011. In the span of 5 years, how much have we lose, can you imagine?

Proposal for Reality Show

Proposal for Reality Show Melody gear Logline: Thirty simple Australians battle for a chance to get a recording deal with one of the world’s leading music production houses, Sony music. Pitch: Genre: reality Target audience: teens/adults/family Thirty adults are picked from the entire country through auditions. The adults are picked based on their competition to sing and perform to a live audience. Three professional musicians from different genres proceed over the auditions. All Australian citizens are given a fair to chance to participate in the study. The auditions take place for a period of three months countrywide. The initial number of contestants is one thousand two hundred. These people qualified for the first auditions. They are further subjected to more auditions to reduce the number of participants to six hundred contents. The process continuous until the number of participants is down to thirty participants. The process of auditioning is long enough to allow the audience to identify themselves with the participant before the main auditioning starts. The final participants are trained for a period of three weeks before the competition is now aired on Australian broadcasting corporation. The training helps the participants of the competition who will be the characters in the reality show to know how to act in public. The public is involved in the process of selecting the contestants that remain in the house. The thirty contestants are then put in a house that will be their home for the next couple of months. They are provided with all requirements that they will need during the reality show. The thirty contestants are trained on weekdays on various music aspects that help them to compete during the weekends. All the contestants perform a music that is chosen by their musical directors. They perform the song on Saturdays to a live audience. The best performers on Saturdays go back to the house while the poor performers are put on probation. The contestants that are put on probation are expected to perform the following week on Saturday. Four contestants are put on probation simultaneously. They are given a second chance to perform and impress the judges. After their performance, one of the contestants on probation loses their position and is evicted from the house. The fellow contestants have the privilege of saving one of the contestants that are put on probation. The judges save one contestant and the public saves one more contestant. The contestant left out is evicted from the house. The show will air two times in a week for a period forty-five minutes each. The reality show will be hosted by a famous celebrity and will be cohosted by another celebrity of the opposite sex. This aspect is expected to attract the attention of both sexes unlike the programs that are only watched by one of the sexes.The show will attract teenagers, adults and the whole family at large. The audience will have the option of choosing which participant remains in the competition .the audience will decide who will eventually win the competition. To: Australian television network From: media commentator Date: 27 February 2014 Subject: Program pitch proposal Introduction Television industry is a very significant industry to the economy and to the public(Allen Hill, 2004). For instance, candidates for public office use money to create and air television commercials, which in turn build name recognition, promote their issues, and attack their opponents. Television advertising in this environment influences the agenda-setting, learning and voting phases of election campaigns. The commercials of other products such as detergents, household equipment and institutions among other products and services normally utilize the same strategies.The television industry is today an instrument for imposing ideologies on the population it serves. Television influences behaviour through the symbols and messages they broadcast. A single thirty-minuteprogram can take months to produce, starting with research into the target audience and what excites or attracts their attention. Every image and every word is carefully chosen to achieve the best representation of the pro duct and the get the viewer’s interest(Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2000). Television programsare the art and science of impact. Program producers always aim at ensuring that their target audience do not critically think about their programs. They want the message to slip in underneath the radar of critical judgment to achieve the greatest results (Jacka Dolin, 2007). Therefore, advertisers will always make use of emotional messages and images. They also take advantage of the brain’s unconscious processing.Scriptwriters have learnt that there are highly effective techniques they can use with great skill to motivate the audience to alter the way they feel about the programs being aired. If they are successful, the audience will without being aware that they have been influenced, change the way they behave. This process is blind but the manipulators of the process are not. The most effective television programs create an emotional state. Television programs geared towards specific target audience is often visual, interactive, employs catchy slogans, uses celebrities to pitch the products, and is simple yet effective in its language(Holmes Jermyn, 2004). Televised viewing disclosures are supposedly designed to supply consumers with important information for decision-making. Television has the power to persuade since it has features that appeal to our senses. This appeal comes from sound, movement, vision and colour thereby attracting the eye. Television also has a psychological, sociological and visual impact on the young.Due to the above reasons, television industry is a very significant section of the Australian system. It allows the manufactures of goods to display their products to the public. Television industry lubricates productivity by ensuring that buyers meet sellers. In addition, television viewing maintains the culture of a society through the airing of cultural programs. The cultural programs contain val ues that are embraced by the people in the society.The television network in Australia currently comprises of programs that have huge followings by one of the sexes. The programs have either a huge male following or a huge male following. The resulting outcome is that none of the programs has a huge following from the entire Australian population. The industry has therefore no much influence on the citizens of the country. Problem statement The Australian television network is facing increased competition from online digital sources. Technology allows people to stream television networks that are offered in other countries(Skeggs Wood, 2012). Aussies are constantly embracing television programs that are produced in Hollywood. For instance, several online webpage traffic watchers in 2014 indicated that the most watched television program was game of thrones. The program is an epic television program that is developed in Hollywood in the United States.The most watched comedy was reported to be modern family, a program that is also a Hollywood production. The television industry in Australia therefore needs to introduce a new program in their major television network(Turner, 2005). This practice will enable the television network to get more viewers and overcome the international competition.The television network has the advantage of having local actors that they can use in their production. The audience will identify themselves with the local actors.However, the television network will need to come up with an interesting program that will embraced by the entire Aussies population. Reality show choice There has been an increasing interest in reality television shows globally. The genre has the ability of attracting a huge audience. The audience is emotionally attached to the characters of their choice that are in the reality shows(Deaville, 2011).The most interesting fact about reality television shows is the fact that nobody knows the final winner. Both the audience and the producers of the show do not know who is going to be the final winner of the competition. This is because the audience through a valid online voting scheme that is vetted by top statistical organizations determines the final winners(Murray Ouellette, 2004). Furthermore, the contestants are exposed to a range of circumstances to find out how they handle different issues that may arise(Kraidy Sender, 2011). The subsequent interesting fact that sets reality shows above other genres in television programs is the love relationships that are developed by the contestants while they are in the house. The audience is intensively attracted to such relationships and therefore increases their viewing of the program(In Slade, In Narro, In Buchanan, 2014). After the production of the show, people will watch the program for different reasons. True fans of music will watch melody gear because they have a passion of music and hence want to see a good competition between the contesters(Kopp Dawson, 2013). A section of the audience will be attracted to the drama that takes place in the house. For instance, several competitors may develop a serious competition between them and the audience will be attracted to the actions that these contestants will take while they are in the house. Competitive Edge of Melody Gear Since the online streaming requires the services of an internet service producer, the internet service providers in Australia should come up with policies where streaming melody gear will be charged at a very cheaper rate that will allow the people to stream the show at a cheaper rate than the international content. The Australian television network should also approach a programming developer that will come up with an application that will enable the people to stream from their internet enabled devices and not just the conventional desktop computers. The Australian television network should use the following concepts to get a competitive edge against the international online digital streaming content. Currently, the audience can only give their feedback via computers. However, majority of the customers use internet-enabled devices such as smartphones and tablets often than they use computers. There is hence need to develop a mobile application that will enable the audience to watch melody gear from their Internet enabled devices. The proposed mobile application will provide real time processing services. These services will enable several audiences to interact with the system at the same time and get all their feedbacks on claims quickly (Raasch, 2012). The system will employ distributed processing capabilities. These capabilities will make customers interact with the system in such a way that they will think the system is on their computer. They will not be aware that the system is distributed a concept that means other audiences are also accessing the system The new mobile application will require the Australian television network to adjust its website design. This is mainly because the mobile application requires that the website being accessed be responsive so that the customers can get all the programs on the website. Failure to adjust the process would increase the chances of failure of the new program proposed Cochran. (2006). A good responsive design allows the television network to gauge and change centered on the device it is seen from without creating separate sites. Content focused site is the second aspect that will be considered during design of the mobile application. There is a strong positive connection between a superior focus on content and the upsurge use of receptive websites. The site will provide a good web experience for customers. The third trend is increasing custom typography. The typography has been a trend over the past years. It places emphasis of type in mobile web design. Fourthly, a simple flat design should be used. The design tends to use fewer colors and avoids textures, gradients, and shadows. As the web becomes responsive companies should opt for simple designs with flat design elements. Single page scrolling sites is the fifth trend. This trend allows visitors to find everything that they are looking for in the same page. The sixth trend is video usage. The Australian television network should increase the broadband internet speeds and use novel web technologies like HTML5 video. These two practices will increase online video usage. The audience will have the option to send and view television episodes to their friends that do not have internet access. A larger layout, photography, video material, and designs will be available on the mobile application. This trend will help the Australian utilize screen real estate on large screens and escalate usability on lesser displays. The final trend is scalable vector graphics and other vector images. The company needs images that are large enough to look good on large displays. This aspect should however not increase the load times for visitors accessing the site on a mobile device. Vector images however do not provide scalability of photographs. Future designs of vector images are expected to allow the vector images to provide for scalability of photographs (McWherter, 2012). The websites act as a platform for the television network to meet the audience directly. Therefore, the mobile application has to provide a favorable platform for the feedback to take place. A good web design of Australian television network will attract more audience and therefore increase the revenue of the business (Fling, 2009). The fact that the audience can give their feedback and get prompt responses from the website will increase customer satisfaction. The customers will find the process to be convenient and timesaving and will, therefore, choose to watch the program through the mobile application developed and interact with other viewers on the contents of the show. The mobile application would enable faster transfer of information between the audience and the television network. Customers would make their claims, and they would be able to get feedback quicker than the current system. The processes that will be available on the mobile application are not limited. Customers would be able to access all the services with huge convenience that would translate to a higher customer satisfaction level. After adjusting the Australiantelevision network website, the mobile application would now have higher chances of success and hence melody gear will be accessible easily. The mobile application process would follow the stages of system development. All the current inefficiencies will be identified. This process can be achieved by interviewing the audience (Neighbor, Ramsay, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ABC-TV (Australia), 2002). The new system requirements are defined. The proposed system is then configured to incorporate all the specified requirements. The system is then developed and tested in pilot phases. The pilot phases are significant since it allows the television network to return to the previous system in the event of failure of the new structure. Once the mobile application is up and running, it should be maintained regularly and exhaustively evaluated (McLean-Conner, 2006). Audience The program will attract teenagers, adults and the whole family. The program will be aired at eight in the evening. It will be a rated parental guidance and therefore can be viewed by the whole family(Ouellette, 2013). This aspect will enable the program to attract a huge audience. However, the program would also be aired late in the night at eleven. The content aired at the time would include the love relationships and other adult themes. This move will be to attract the adults while maintaining the standards of television viewing. Majority of the children are often sound asleep at the time and would therefore not have access to this adult version of the program. Challenges Reality television requires a lot partnership with several stakeholders to guarantee success. The Australian television network will therefore need to come with favorable policies while developing the program to ensure its success. The reality show also costs more than other genres hence a sufficient amount of funds and time would be required. Adjusting the website to allow users to stream efficiently from smartphones is time consuming. Recommendations The simultaneous adoption of the program pitch and the adjustment of the Australian television network will guarantee the success of melody gear. The program would win back the audience from the international content. The Australiannetwork should collaborate with IINET to reduce the internet charges required in streaming melody gear and other local content. IINET is one of the leading internet providers in Australia. The partnership between the two organizations will reduce the charges that Aussies will incur while streaming melody gear. This trend will increase the viewers for the program and hence the network would achieve its intended purpose of winning back the audience from online digital streaming competitors. References Allen,R.C., Hill,A. (2004). The television studies reader. London: Routledge. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. (2000). National Broadband Network. Ultimo, N.S.W: Author. Brian Fling. (2009). Mobile Design and Development: Practical concepts and techniques for creating mobile sites and web apps. OReilly Media, Inc. Craig Cochran. (2006). Becoming a Customer-focused Organization. Paton Professional. Deaville,J.A. (2011). Music in television: Channels of listening. New York: Routledge. Holmes,S., Jermyn,D. (2004). Understanding reality television. London: Routledge. In Slade,A., In Narro,A.J., In Buchanan,B.P. (2014). Reality television: Oddities of culture. Jacka,L., Dolin,T. (2007). Australian television history. Perth, W.A: Network Books. Jeff McWherter. (2012). Professional Mobile Application Development. John Wiley Sons. Jon Raasch. (2012). Smashing Mobile Web Development. John Wiley Sons. Kopp,M., Dawson,M. (2013). Reality television. Minneapolis, MN: Core Library. Kraidy,M.M., Sender,K. (2011). The politics of reality television: Global perspectives. London: Routledge. Murray,S., Ouellette,L. (2004). Reality TV: Remaking television culture. New York: New York University Press. Neighbour,S., Ramsay,M., Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ABC-TV (Australia). (2002). The network. Nigel Hill., Greg Roche, Rachel Allen. (2007). Customer Satisfaction: The Customer Experience through the Customers Eyes. The Leadership Factor. Ouellette,L. (2013). A companion to reality television. Penni McLean-Conner. (2006). Customer Service: Utility Style: Proven Strategies for Improving Customer Service and Reducing Customer Care Costs. PennWell Books. Sender,K. (2012). The makeover: Reality television and reflexive audiences. New York: New York University Press. Skeggs,B., Wood,H. (2012). Reality television and class. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Turner,G. (2005). Ending the affair: The decline of television current affairs in Australia. Sydney, NSW: UNSW Press.

Issues of the Human Genome Project :: Genetics Genes Science Papers

Issues of the Human Genome Project The history of the human race has been filled with curiosity and discovery about our abilities and limitations. As an egotistical creature with a seemingly unstoppable desire for new accomplishments, we attempt feats with emotion and tenacity. People worldwide raced to be the first to discover the secrets and the ability of flight. Enormous amounts of monies were spent on sending people into space and the race to land on the moon. With the rapid growth of scientific knowledge and experimental methods, humans have begun to unravel and challenge another mystery, the discovery of the entire genetic make-up of the human body. This endeavor, the Human Genome Project (HGP), has created hopes and expectations about better health care. It has also brought forth serious social issues. To understand the potential positive and negative issues, we must first understand the history and technical aspects of the HGP. History of the Human Genome Project The HGP has an ultimate goal of identifying and locating the positions of all genes in the human body. A researcher named Renato Dulbecco first suggested the idea of such a project while the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) was also considering the same project because issues related to radiation and chemical exposure were being raised. Military and civilian populations were being exposed to radiation and possible carcinogenic chemicals through atomic testing, the use of Agent Orange in Vietnam, and possible nuclear power facility accidents. Genetic knowledge was needed to determine the resiliency of the human genome (1). Worldwide discussion about a HGP began in 1985. In 1986, the DOE announced its' Human Genome Initiative which emphasized the development of resources and technologies for genome mapping, sequencing, computation, and infrastructure support that would lead to the entire human genome map (3). United States involvement began in October 1990 and was coordinated by the DOE and the National Institute of Health (NIH). With an estimated cost of 3 billion dollars, sources of funding also include the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). Because of the involvement of the NIH, DOE, and NSF who receive U.S. Congressional funding, the HGP is partly funded through federal tax dollars (1). Expected to last 15 years, technological advancements have accelerated the expected date of completion to the year 2003. This completion date would coincide with the 50th anniversary of Watson and Crick's description of the structure of DNA molecule (3).

Outstanding Outsourcing Essay example -- Essays, Papers, Globalization

Outstanding Outsourcing â€Å"It (outsourcing) is not a our father’s traditional foreign trade. Goods are not being traded. Offshore production is not a case of US making good X and trading it (to another country) for good Y. It is a case of the US ceasing to make X in the US and making it (in another country) instead† (â€Å"Outsourcing champs say India critical to their success†). This quote leads to the differences between outsourcing and trade. Trade is a matter that had threatened the unskilled people in the labor force, which encouraged many of them to learn some sort of skill. Unlike trade, however, outsourcing is a threat to skilled workers. It is true that outsourcing had been around for many years and that it is no new matter. Yet outsourcing has gained more attention than ever because of all the recent layoffs and cost-cuttings that the U.S. economy has been suffering through. The option that American companies, specifically the software and IT sectors, have turned t o is outsourcing to the Third World countries such as India. Although companies benefit from such activities, do the skilled workers of the U.S. share the same fate? How does the Leak, Match, Trap Theory apply to this situation and can it help predict the outcome? And is India affected by the U.S. outsourcing? The U.S. is better at providing services. Service workers, such as the computer programmers and electrical engineers, really have no worries about trade and are rather immune to it. In spite of that, outsourcing is like a virus to them. It started with the recession that was gradually creeping up on to the U.S. economy as unemployment was beginning to rise in the late 1990’s. September 11, 2001 only made the situation worse by adding more s... ... expansion spree in India†. India Abroad (International Weekly Newspaper). April 23, 2004. Gumpert, David E. â€Å"Misadventures in Indian Outsourcing†. http://www.businessweek.com:/print/smallbiz/content/apr2004/sb2004041_5674.htm?sb April 1, 2004. Irwin, Douglas A. Free Trade Under Fire. Princeton University Press: Princeton, New Jersey. 2003. Luckovich, Mike for the comic strip on the cover sheet. THE DENVER POST. February 21, 2004. McKay, Jim. â€Å"Why did jobs go? Look in Bangalore†. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/04081/288539.stm March 21, 2004. â€Å"Outsourcing champs say India critical to their success†. The Economic Times. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-514534,prtpage-1.cms February 23,2004. â€Å"Outsourcing good for US economy†. http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/mar/31bpol.htm March31,2004.

Hmong Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The traditional Hmong live a horticultural society they depend on domesticated plants, they are well-adapted on soils of the tropical rain forests and poor soil places which are unsuitable for intense agriculture. Prehistoric Hmong are thought to have moved from Eurasia and made a few stops at Siberia. As their custom they settled in the highlands (mountains) from Vietnam and Laos and later in Thailand. They inherited the name â€Å"Miao†, from living in the mountains. Today Five million Hmong reside in China, more than any other country. The Hmong people have straight black hair and have a short, sturdy stature. In the southern margins of the Sahara Desert, going southward toward East Africa are tall, rather thin dark skin peoples called the Nuer. To the Nuer horticulture is degrading toil. The Nuer live the pastoral mode of production with their primary dependancy on animal husbandry, cattle. Although the cattle is not raised for the meat, unless they become barren, or injured they eat them under special conditions. Usually adapt in dry grassland with short growing seasons. Although they do eat/grow crop it is very little. Milk is one of the main foods of the Nuer. Both cultures sacrifice animals to heal souls. The Hmong believe in the dab as the evil spirit, the Nuer believe in the evil eye. The evil eye is a person with supernatural power who causes damage to people who look at them. For the Hmong the most common cause of illness is soul lo...

Thoughts on a Democratic England

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of democracy in England, specifically addressing the interaction between parliament, capitalists, and the masses during the early nineteenth century, and how these interactions lead to a more democratic England; however, the focus will be on entertaining the theory ‘What else could have heralded Democracy during this time?’ Thoughts on a Democratic EnglandThe early nineteenth century saw England at the cusp of a radical change, socially, politically, and economically. The advent of the Industrial Revolution had drastically transformed the mental and physical landscapes of the time; factories were sprouting left and right, people were flooding into the cities to work, and entrepreneurs kept the thriving businesses alive. Gradually the topic of Human rights arose, and cities clamored for representatives in Parliament, while the idea of universal suffrage arose, men voicing out desires to vote in order to improve the condition of life.As history shows, after much conflict – riots, deaths, political upheavals- the internal tension in the nation gave way to a greater amount of freedom and Democracy among the citizens. But what if these internal forces had not simmered and seethed, causing uproar and promoting change like they did? Would the outcome then have been similar? Let us examine the conditions of the time, and assess whether present forces of that day could have instigated change, as the conflict between social classes did.The first and seemingly obvious alternative would be a Revolution. During that time –the early 19th Century- the memories of both the French and the Irish (against the English) Revolutions were still fresh in men’s minds; this coupled with the inequities prevalent in the new, Industrialized society, would have galvanized rebellion and caused men to bear arms against the Capitalists who coveted the lion’s share of the profits as well as the Parliament, who denied men representation, votes, and a say in the great scheme of things.The second alternative would be Education. This was a time when newspaper and the printed page thrived. Aside from news, many works of entertainment were printed in the weekly papers, by writers such as Charles Dickens. The Literacy rate was increasing, and as people were no longer scattered but concentrated in the cities, thus quickening the dissemination of information, the Media could, theoretically, have spearheaded a movement for change.Inevitably though, these two alternate theories would have eventually coincided with the ideas which opened this paper, namely Social Conflict. For Democracy ultimately dwells in the hearts and minds of men, and, as such, all socio-political and economic movements begin and end in the realm of social strife.

Martha J. Coston Essay

Martha Coston was born in Baltimore in the year of 1826. She was left with four children to take care of after the death of her husband. This happened when she was only 21. Even though her husband was now gone she was determined to make money so she could raise her precious children. She then came up with the idea to signal flare on her dead husband notebook. Although the plans didn’t work she was still determined to find a successful way to make signal flare work. After some attempts she finally discovered that she could use phyrotechnice to make it. The green, red, and white flares worked so well that the navy bought them from her for $20,000 they even awarded Martha the contract to make them with. After the run in with the money she had just received her flares served as the bass of a system of communication that helped save lives and win battles during the civil war. So even after the war, Martha continued to improve her invention that has helped continuesly through out wars and such. The flares she had created became so popular that they sold in very many places. Such as France, Italy, Denmark, the Netherlands and Haiti. The system of bright, long-lasting signal flares revolutionized naval communication and continues to be in use. Coston’s invention saved many lives. The effectiveness of Pyrotechnic Night Signals attracted the U.S. Navy and till now these devices are still used. Later on her son Benjamin got a bad fever and died at age 26. Martha’s life was then full of tragedies, her infant son had died and her mother also died. Even after all these tragic moments, she got money for her flares and saved the lives of millions people.

How My Creative Thinking in Nursing Care Help Me Solving Problems with Patients in Long Term Care

When we have made a commitment to work with and develop nursing theory, it is important to keep in mind that this activity is crucial to establish scientific foundations in nursing. The first line of teaching and learning in nursing is based on linear thinking, arguing to promote the student's vision of cause / effect when, for example, this is in the process of providing the patient with an anticoagulant for DVT prevention at a patient and requires monitoring by protocol, bleeding adverse effect, or also monitor the heart rate, or blood pressure levels, and heart rate when the patient requires to receive anti-arrhythmic or digoxin. In the latter case, with a retro feedback mechanism, put into action when the resident and blood sample taken to measure the Digoxin level in order to adjust the dose, seeking the drug's effectiveness and thus the patient's clinical stability. During the development of nursing theory, it is important to realize as we are thinking when we find or look for a problem to solve. For this creative thinking plays an important role. Researchers have described various methods of creative thinking among them these three: Evolution: This is a method of continuous incremental improvement. We can gestate new ideas from existing ideas, or seek and find a solution derived from another, obtaining at the end a solution that we would not have imagined from the beginning with a single step. The result will be something totally different to the original. Synthesis: This method of thought goes into action when two or more existing ideas are combined to create a third, new idea. Reapplication: This method of creative thinking comes into play when we see something otherwise stated, entirely new. The key is to see beyond the prior application of any idea or method and thus demonstrate if the other application is feasible. When we encounter a problem in some cases may emerge any negative attitude may hinder and even block our creative thinking. For you I have noticed that, when unforeseen circumstances I get the load of 25 or more patients in the institution where they take care of patients in long term care must run at a faster pace than usual, with proper care to prevent errors but when there is an unexpected situation arises in my mind: â€Å"a situation more, adding to the complex repertoire of tasks to accomplish!. This idea looks something like this:† Oh! Now this? â€Å". If so, at the time of first reaction, I was adding a bigger problem than the situation itself, having to deal with and solve it before continuing with the rest of the investigation of the case. The next question that arises if this occurs I would be: Why am I thinking and / or feeling this? This happens with the patient TH has relationship with his previous medical history? Psychological/cultural context? It has happened before? Why has this happened? Is there any background prior to solve this? At this point I realize that I am involved in an active process of search, first to understand the phenomenon, and then how to solve it. This positive attitude (curiosity) helped me to think creatively. Another attitude that has helped me is to believe that most problems can be solved; all a matter of time, energy and resources. Also, and especially, to attack the problem from the moment when it is detected, since otherwise, can add what I call collateral problems. Even more, I can say that I stay alert not to make value judgments or criticisms that may that may contaminate the process of addressing the problem with my own prejudices, alienate adding unnecessary elements in time and possibilities to solve this problem. References Harris, R. (1998). Introduction to creative thinking; Retrieved from: https://www. virtualsalt. com/crebook1htm. Rapadoupulus, Irena; Omeri, Akram. Transcultural nursing theory and models: The challenges of application. Contemporary nurse. 28(1-2):45-7, 2008. Apr. Editorial. Jennings, BM. Nursing Theory development, successes, and challenges. Journal of advanced nursing

Article questions

God. † subsequently, end off with how my saint taught e to always a positive outlook for the world, and also to put our trust In God. Saint Teresa of Avail had once stated â€Å"l never liked gloomy saints, always try to be cheerful everyday. † This taught me that having a negative split may lead you to have a not so good day, whereas if we are more cheerful we then always think positive and we eliminate the people/things that make us unhappy. Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. † This beatitude embodies my saint because Saint Teresa at one point in her life wanted to come a martyr, meaning she refused to fear death when it came to her faith. â€Å"Blessed are the pure in heart for they will see God† I believe my saint was pure in heart because it was also noticed from another's perspective that she was friendly and saw the good in others.Lastly, my saint left us with a quote saying, always find t hat those who walked closest to Christ were those who had to ear the greatest trials† this quote means that on earth there will come a time where we will be given consequences for our belief, but this shows that God gives his hardest battles to his strongest soldiers. We who abide in Christ will be saved all we need to do here on earth is put our trust in God and never give up our faith.So all in all, Saint Teresa of Avail was a very strong woman, strong mentally and spiritually and now it is our duty as believers to live a strong Christian mental and spiritual life as well. In conclusion, Saint Teresa of Avail left us with another quote saying, â€Å"it is love alone that gives worth to all things. † Therefore we need to love to give our life on earth some worth, which I believe is to live the life we love and love the life we live, all In a Christian positive, spiritual manner.

Rhetorical Criticism I Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rhetorical Criticism I - Article Example While the people at the end are well dressed with the right fire fighting gear, the person between them is naked. The information attached requires a person not to be stupid and use condom for protection. This is to show that those who are well dressed are safe but the naked person is in danger of being burnt up by the fire headed in their direction. Similarly, the ad implies that love making with no protection is as dangerous as putting off fire without the right gear. The person engaging this way is therefore stupid and the fire of infections will in turn catch up with them and burn them up. Therefore, the ad has actually played its informative role very well through the analogy created . In the second ad, the ad shows human hands ready to receive the love symbol. Added down there is the statement â€Å"safe love is true love. When he uses condom, he is saying he love you.† This ad underlines the need to receive and share safe love. It thus delivers the message most appropriately, by avoiding obscene scenarios (Andreas,

Describe three commonalities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Describe three commonalities - Essay Example The three sources portray professional educators as capable of influencing student behaviour and learning outcomes. Educators prepare students to become responsible people in the future. They empower them with skills such as effective communication and critical thinking (Conceptual Framework, 2015). Educators embrace the social needs of different students by showing respect to issues like culture. They prepare students to work in distinct settings. Educators should influence their students positively from both academic and personal perspectives (Professional Dispositions of Learners, 2015). Special educators create a positive impact on the lives of individuals with exceptionality by treating them fairly, helping them achieve academic excellence and implementing behaviour change disciplinary measures (Special Education Professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standards, 2010). Effective education professionals  exhibit integrity and ethical behaviour. Professional teachers are well educated and skilled. Additionally, they display a high level of commitment and compassion in their line of duty (Conceptual Framework, 2015). Professional behaviour towards students, colleagues and families amongst others is influenced by dispositions. Dispositions are the ethical standards and values that educators uphold, and they significantly influence various student learning processes including motivation and achievement (P. D.L, 2015). Professional ethical standards for special educators emphasize that educators display professional competence by exercising respect, integrity and commitment when serving individuals with exceptionalities (S.E.P.E. P.P.S, 2010). The named commonalities are important to teachers and students because they establish a foundation for teaching practises. They provide effective guidelines that when adhered to can result in academic excellence. The

Investigating the molecular basis of oligomerisation specificity using Essay

Investigating the molecular basis of oligomerisation specificity using coiled coil peptides - Essay Example The studies have identified that there is unexpected and general correlation between trigger sequences (Indispensable elements for coiled coil formation) and coiled coil oligomerization state specificity .Through the use yeast archytype coiled-coil domain transcriptional factor activator GCN4 as a model system, it was found that oligomerization state determinants that are trimer specific and well established ,switched the topology of the peptide to a trimer from a dimer, only after being inserted into the trigger sequence. The results were confirmed with 2 other coiled coil dimmers that is not related (cortexillin-1 and ATF1).It is further indicated that multiple topology determinants have the capacity of co-existing in the same trigger sequence, and this reveals a delicate balance of the resultant oligomerization state through forces that are position dependent (Steinmetz et al., 2007). Due to the simplicity of this leucine zipper, the alpha helical coiled coil has been traditionall y used in a broad number of studies that have targeted the key principles of protein stability, oligomerization and folding (Steinmetz et al., 2007).In this case, the coiled coils currently are exploited as multipurpose tool in various applications seen to be increasing steadily as well as ranging from basic research to medicine. It is well known that what is referred to as trigger sequence plays a critical role in controlling coiled –coil formation. The distinct feature of several trigger sequences is that they have a capacity of folding into several reasonable stable monomeric helices before the formation of the coiled coil structure (Kammerer et al.1998) Recently, the NMR structures of peptide spanning the GCN4 trigger sequence was solved and indicated that the structure is stabilized by electrostatic interactions and a network of hydrogen bonds (Steinmetz et al., 2007) The trigger

The Impact of Cause Related Marketing on Consumers Research Paper

The Impact of Cause Related Marketing on Consumers - Research Paper Example These will be presented below. This study employs the descriptive research method, which uses observation, interviews and surveys. In this method, it is possible that the study would be convenient and quick since this paper aims to determine the role of training in cultivating corporate culture in managing quality. Descriptive research could also suggest unanticipated hypotheses. Nonetheless, it would be very hard to rule out alternative explanations and especially infer causations. Thus, in this paper it is practical and reliable to use this kind of research approach. This descriptive type of research also utilises observations in the study. To illustrate the descriptive type of research, Creswell (1994) will guide the researcher when he stated: Descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. The purpose of employing this method is to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the cause/s of particular phenomena. The rese archer opted to use this kind of research considering the desire of the researcher to obtain first hand information from the interviewees so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. All research will possibly involve categorical or numerical data or data that can be use for analysis to help the researcher answer the research questions (Saunders, Lewis,& Thornhill, 2004). Moreover, Saunders et al (2004), defined quantitative as a type of empirical knowledge. Actually, qualitative data are described in expressions of quality (Saunders et al, 2004). Qualitative is the converse of quantitative, which more precisely describes data in terms of quantity (that is, using 'formal' numerical measurement). In connection to this, this chapter will discuss the research approach, information-gathering method, perspective of the research, the research plan, unit of analysis, the respondents of the study, design of interviewing guidelines, validation of the instrument, data representative and reliability, and statistical treatment of data. Research Approach The research described in this document is based fundamentally on both qualitative and quantitative research methods. This permits a flexible and iterative approach. During data gathering the choice and design of methods are constantly modified, based on ongoing analysis. This allows investigation of important new issues and questions as they arise, and allows the investigators to drop unproductive areas of research from the original research plan. Basically, quantitative method is compatible with this study because it allows the research problem to be conducted in a very specific and set terms (Frankfort-Nachmias and Nachmias, 1992). Besides, quantitative research plainly and distinctively specifies both the independent and the dependent variables under investigation (Matveev, 2002). It also follows resolutely the original set of research goals, arriving at more objective conclusions, testing hypothesis, determining the issues of causality and eliminates or minimizes subjectivity of judgment (Matveev, 2002). Furthermore, this method allows for longitudinal

Organic vs. Inorganic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organic vs. Inorganic - Research Paper Example If the evidence is not in its natural environment or has begun to decompose information about time and place can be found out from it. For example, the food inside of a persons stomach can reveal a great deal of evidence. It is organic matter. A simple grain of rice can be shown in a lab to have been eaten six hours earlier at a Mexican restaurant on the east side of town. That kind of information can be especially valuable to a forensic crime scene investigator. Plant matter on the sole of a shoe can be very useful to. The chemical composition of organic matter can point an investigator in useful directions. Perhaps the grass has been treated by pesticides. That will eliminate many locations, for example. Clearly organic evidence can be very useful. However, it has one main drawback when compared to inorganic evidence: it decays. Organic evidence will on be around for so long. Even if it is still at the crime scene when you arrive it muse be preserved carefully in the laboratory. If a fridge, for example, is accidentally turned off in a lab, the evidence will be lost. All living things decompose. The trick is to arrive at the scene quickly and secure all of the organic evidence as quickly as possible. If not, there is a good chance that it will be lost. This is especially important to consider when we look at how long a justicial proceeding can carry on for. These things sometimes take years. As such, from the moment it is collected, the organic evidence must be preserved. An expert report about it must be generated for the prosecution and it must be entered as an exhibit. At all times it must be carefully preserved. Unlike a glove, it will deteriorate over time. Inorganic evidence is heartier. It can lost for a long time, if not forever. This is evidence such as glass, rocks, or synthetic fibres. This kind of evidence can also be very revealing and tell a lot about a crime

Case Study Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Case Study Assignment - Essay Example He further argues that the development department is capable of producing the software within the stipulated time since one of the employees at the department told him that they have extra time to develop such kind of software. Kelly Thomas argues that the reason as to why they cannot develop the software by August is because, based on his analysis of two years ago, when the company had more people, every support engineer was allocated a client after every one hour and as a result, the product in the market was of high quality and needed less support. Currently, the engineering development department has a shortage after 25 percent of the total staff was laid off and thus the remaining personnel needs more time to create the software since most of them are involved in the engineering support department for customers. Chris argues that the sales and revenues of the company are shrinking and to maintain the strengths and productivity of the company, there needs to be a 15 percent cut in the budget of the company. Chris further argues that it is possible to achieve a 15 percent cut in the budget without laying-off of staff and thus Total Corporation of the employees of the department is needed. The argument made by Cliff O Connor is sound. This argument is based on statistics and records of the company and thus he foresees the future based on past and current trends. For instance, Cliff argues that the current revenue of the company based on sales and service ratio is 50:50. This argument can only be made if there is an available statistical data to provide proof. In conclusion, the argument made by Cliff is very logical. The argument made by Pat Lambert is unsound. It is based on predictions and no available record is shown to support his line of reasoning. Pat argues that customers will be happy if the prototype is in the market by August despite its incompletion. Normally, if a product is released in the market and it does not offer value

Kuder and Major paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kuder and Major paper - Essay Example Workplace is extremely important to me where everyone’s views are respected with people being supportive to each other. I strongly believe that workplace must be attractive enough so that one can devote maximum time there willingly and not out of compulsion. I would like to earn prestige from my colleagues and seniors through my hard work and commitment and therefore organization should provide me enough leeway to go ahead in my chosen field. That is what precisely I mean by prestige and why it is important to me. I know that I will be able to climb higher ladders in my career path through my zeal and devotion to the work that I willingly choose. So I am not concerned about salary as much as I am bothered about my recognition in the job and that is necessary to have a sense of achievement in my life. While pursuing my high school in Qatar, I was determined to acquire a Bachelors degree from a good university in the US. The variety of subjects in my course provides me a basic and essential understanding about several important disciplines such as management, administration, finance, managerial accounts; banking, general management; knowledge of all these subjects provide me a basic platform to choose from the numerous career paths available to me. Often, I think and work innovatively too; however, I see that ‘innovation’ in work values, in Kuders assessment is registered low. As I said I would prefer to do my work independently without much of the supervision except wherever necessary. From my self-knowledge, I can state that while working at Qatar Petroleum for almost four months, I worked with my colleagues and modified ways so that the total service time to customers got reduced by 25%. I always have a feeling that my work is important to me and I see myself as an important link in the whole chain of process to accomplish a given task. I do recognize that my inefficiency will affect not only the work of others

Computer Sciences and Information Technology Essay - 6

Computer Sciences and Information Technology - Essay Example This project declares that technology has created its impacts on education and training. People who use social networking websites on a daily basis, posting minute to minute updates, people who listen to music wherever they go on the most latest gadget in the market, people who feel handicapped without such technologies; these people are referred to as the digital natives. Digital natives are those that are born into the culture of technology. Since the day they were born, they have seen technology, observed it, seen its advancement and have the opportunity to gain hand on experience on them. This paper stresses that the digital natives follow a culture that is irrespective of age and is shared by all the millenials. This culture is dependent on certain characteristic that is accompanied by certain incidents that the native experience while growing up in a technological environment and this effects how they deal with the people, institutions and with everything that does not belong to the digital era. There are many educators who are excited about the new generation of students entering various educational institutions. These people have seen technology all their life. This research was conducted on the digital natives themselves and how it affected their education and social skills. There are many institutions that have trained the lecturers to teach online due to increased demand by the students. Many of the Americans are bicultural and live on two cultures in their life.

How Not Getting Enough Sleep Affects Your Body Essay Example for Free

How Not Getting Enough Sleep Affects Your Body Essay It is extremely important for people to understand how lack of rest affects the body so that they will be more aware of the effects of not getting enough sleep every night. A lack of sleep can cause loss of brain function, and even death if continued for a long period of time. The effects of a consistent lack of sleep can be very dangerous to the person and others around them. The longer the person goes without sleep, the worse the effects will be until the person passes out and becomes hospitalized or has a fatal accident. A lack of sleep affects different parts of the body in more than one way and in different degrees depending on how long the person has gone without sleep. The largest effects of lack of sleep on the body can be seen on the brain of the individual. Going without sleep for a 24 hour period can result in the person exhibiting behavior resembling drunkenness, with studies showing that people in this condition are more dangerous when driving than people that are legally drunk. People that are suffering from lack of sleep can experience memory lapses, decreased concentration, and hallucinations. As this continues, the person can experience depersonalization where they do not believe that they or any of the people around them are real, almost ass they feel they are living in a dream. Psychotic episodes may also appear in the person which may or may not disappear after the person has returned to a normal sleeping schedule. A lack of sleep does not only affect the brain, but affects money other areas throughout the body as well, People that have gone without proper amount of sleep for a long amount of time can experience muscle fatigue, a weakened immune system, blurred vision, headaches, and nausea. Other effects such as muscle tremors, color blindness, hyperactivity, and weight loss or gain may occur. Lack of sleep has been linked to many different health conditions including hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and many different mental conditions. In most cases, returning to normal sleep each night can stop these conditions but in some cases, the damage is irreversible. There are many ways that a lack of sleep can affect the body and each of the consequences of not getting enough rest can be dangerous to the person health and well being. Washington

Evolution Of Photography Over The Centuries

Evolution Of Photography Over The Centuries Presentation: To my view photography it s a way to describe things, a way to express yourself and to show to the people how you feel and also to show things that you can see with your eyes at a certain moment. It s so interesting to grasp an idea in an image. This work was initially meant to tackle on the photography of the 20th century, but this approch would be too limited and even unfair. Therefore, i ve decided to go back to the roots of photography and highlight the evolution it has gone through over the centuries. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the 19th century and it s focused on the evolution of photography from a tecnical point of view. It was an intensive period characterized by revolutionary inventions and tecniques. To my point of view it s necessary or at least advisable to know the technical proceses of how a phtography comes into being because this way you can get a better understanding of your camera and of what it could do for you. Definately photography is more than pressing a botton and the efforts people put in developing tecniques and in getting every time better pictures reflect their struggle to fight against the cruel passing of time and the transitory nature of things. Taking a photograph is like an attempt to touch eternity, to make time stand still for a moment. But this is only one point of view out of many philosophical thoughts that shaped the concept of photography. The second part of the work deals with photography in the 20th century, a period where photography reached new levels of technical developments and new missions. The 20th century was marked by tragic events, such as the two world wars and photography played an important part in building our historical legacy and in shaping our conscience as human beings. The word photography comes from the Greek fos which means light and grapho which means to write. The word was coined by Sir john Herschel who made revolutionary contributions and set up the basis to the way photography was being processed in the 19th century. Photography has come into being through a long series of discoveries which have taken place along the centuries. The first idea of photography was embodied by the camera obscura box which was one of the first steps that led to photography. But while the camera obscura was more a device of exploring physical laws, the first permanent photograph, close to the modern concept we have today about photography, was taken in 1826 by Nic phore Ni pce. The photo was called View from the Window at Le Gras and it was the result of 8 hour-exposure while the sun illuminated the buildings on both sides. Your browser may not support display of this image. View from the Window at Le Gras by Nic phore Ni pce. 19th Century To understand the modern photography of 20th century, it s important to explain the different photographic process of 19th century . The first one it s called daguerreotype (1839). I ts a process which was invented by Daguerre using silver on a copper plate. The French government bought the patent and immediately made it public domain. Although this process results to be the predecessor of the actual photography called Polaroid. Your browser may not support display of this image. Camera of daguerreotype. Your browser may not support display of this image. Boulevard du Temple by Daguerre. The second one is the calotype process which was invented by William Fox Talbot in 1840. He coated paper smeets with silver chloride* to create and intermediate negative image. But the calotype gabe an image which was not very precise (it hasn t the sharpness of the daguerreotype). Your browser may not support display of this image. Camera of calotype. Your browser may not support display of this image. Paris by William Fox Talbot. The third one it s called wet plate and it was invented by Frederick Scott Archer* and Gustave Le Gray in 1850. Despite it s disadvantage, wet plate collodion became enormously popular. It was used for portraiture. Landscape wprk, architectural pphotography and art photography. This new process it s called like this because the plaque had to stay wet during all the process of making and revealed of images. Your browser may not support display of this image. Process of wet plate. Your browser may not support display of this image. Camera wet plate. Your browser may not support display of this image. Sea by Frederick Scott Archer. The last one is gelatine bromide, this is a new process invented by R.L.Maddox in 1871 and improved in 1878 thanks to the researches of Charles E.Benett*. Your browser may not support display of this image. Relater to coating photographic plates or paper with gelatine emulsion. The emulsion is run into a trough A containing a metal roller B, which revolves in the emulsion. One end of a scraper C rests against this roller and takes off the emulsion, which it delivers on to the plates P. The plates are carried forward by an endless band F, and delivered to a second endless band L which passes through a chamber M cooled by ice. This second hand travels at a greater speed than the first so as to separate the plates. Below the plates is another endless hand J which washes the plates. Your browser may not support display of this image. Kodak. 20th Century At the beginings of the 20th century photography is no longer a mere subject of technical improvements. It turned to be one of the most flourishing and richest periods in which photography became a powerful and unconventional expression of the modern consicousness. It was at the early 20th century when photography gained the recognized status of an art form with a well-defined aesthetic roles and trends. Lively debates as whether the photographer s imagination was chiefly at work before or after the shutter was pressed envisioned and actualized a completely new understanding of photographys strengths. One of the trends of the time, the straight photography, it was defined as a medium as capable of artistic expression as painting or sculpture. Avant-garde artists, commercial illustrators, and journalists turned to photography as if seeking to discover through its mechanisms and materials a new artistic vehicle that captured best the soul of those times. The artist and theorist L szl Moholy-Nagy (1895-1946) gave a new aesthetic role to photography, described as a new vision rooted in the technological culture of the twentieth century. It seems that the philosophical ideas the governed at that time the fragmented sense of self, the rapid pace of modern life, the burst of subconsciuoness had a powerful influence on the way photography was perceived and produced. Abstract photograms, photomontages composed of fragmented images, the combination of photographs with modern typography and graphic design in posters and magazine pages were unconventional techniques that modernized photography. In France, Surrealism was the gravitational center for avant-garde photography between the wars. Launched in 1924 by the poet Andr Breton, the Surrealist movement aimed at the psychic and social transformation of the individual through the replacing of bourgeois conventions with new values of spiritual adventure, poetry, and eroticism. Essentially a philosophical and literary movement, Surrealism was greatly indebted to the techniques of psychoanalysis, and Freuds research into free association and dream imagery. Surrealist photographers made use of such techniques as double exposure, combination printing, and reversed tonality to evoke the union of dream and reality. During the 1920s, the mass media grew particularly in Germany, which had more illustrated periodicals, with greater circulation, than any other country in the world. In addition, hundreds of newspapers and magazines catered to special interests. There were fashion journals, various magazines promoting health and sport. As the number of new illustrated magazines increased, competition among publications grew keener and editors began to experiment with more dynamic designs and page layouts. To close this period I would like to tell two artists of this 20s because i think that their works are very interesting: Hans Bellmer: (March 13, 1902 February 23, 1975) was a German artist, best known for the life-sized pubescent female dolls he produced in the mid-1930s. Your browser may not support display of this image. In this work, Bellmer explicitly sexualized the doll as a young girl. On the other hand, the doll incorporated the principle of ball joint , which was inspired by a pair of sixteenth-century articulated wooden dolls in the Kaiser Friedrich Museum. Man Ray: (August 27, 1890 November 18, 1976), was an American artist who spent most of his career in Paris, France. Your browser may not support display of this image. He was a significant contributor to both the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. Best known in the art world for his avant-garde photography. From the 30s the word documentary takes on a moral and politician connotations , highly positive, associated with the conquest of truth. For the frist time in history appears the photojournalism. It is a kind of photography that delivers events through a photo, that spreads facts of reality throughout the world but it also carries a message. The posibility of print photographs next to the text in the newspaper and magazines was invetigate durint the 19th century through different poribilities like the lithograph or woodcut. But the photojournalism face technical problems (in the photographic capture), as the emulsions still had very low sensitivities then to take a night phtograph or to take it in an interior force you to use a flash which was of magnesium in that time. This must be added that large format cameras and the constant need of a tripod made the journalist was very limited to work in the documentary photographic discourse. In 1929 in USA took place the Wall Street Crash that triggered the Great Depression. With this crash the peasants were in a huge poorness while drought was putting things more difficult, then the goverment establish a department about photography-press (which was called Farm Security Administration) to document this. To end with this project and continuing with the structure of the work in the 20s I m going to explain some important artists of th is period: Your browser may not support display of this image. Eug ne Atget:(February 12, 1857 August 4, 1927) was a French photographer noted for his photographs documenting the architecture and street scenes of Paris. Your browser may not support display of this image. Bernice Abbott: (July 17, 1898 December 9, 1991), was an American photographer. She wanted to make the same as Atget in Paris, but she in New York. She introduced some changes because she didn t want only to photographed buildings that they were going to disappeared. She wanted to explained also the continuing changes of a city like NY. Abott asked for scholarships to take the project to end, and finally the state gave her and put to her disposition documentary filmmakers and a team of historians to complete her photos. Your browser may not support display of this image. August Sander: (November17, 1876 April 20, 1964) was a German portrait and documentary photographer. He was one of the most important photographers of the 20th century. Is above its principle of neutrality which will take a lot of importance to the end of the decade of the 20s. This effect of impersonality is gived by: sharpness, frontal, senzill frames and the rigid pose of the models. Your browser may not support display of this image. Jacob Riis: (May 3, 1849 May 26, 1914), was a Danish American social reformer, and a great photographer. He got his photos with flash, because for him the flash was a way to come to places that normally the camera without the help of it couldn t do it. He wanted his photos to aware people of the poorness. Your browser may not support display of this image. Lewis Hine: (September 26, 1874 November 3, 1940) was an American sociologist and photographer. Between 1904 and 1905 he photographed the arrival of many immigrants at Ellis Island from southern and eastern Europe. There were a lot of xenophobia towards these immigrants. And in 1906 he made a new project about the problem of child labor. Your browser may not support display of this image. Dorothea Lange: (May 26, 1895 October 11, 1965) was an influential American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Langes photographs humanized the tragic consequences of the Great Depression and profoundly influenced the development of documentary photography. Your browser may not support display of this image. Walker Evans: (November 3, 1903 April 10, 1975) was an American photographer best known for his work for the Farm Security Administration documenting the effects of the Great Depression. Much of Evanss work from the FSA period uses the large-format, 810-inch camera. He said that his goal as a photographer was to make pictures that are literate, authoritative, transcendent.